Saturday, May 28, 2011

A Different Kind of Normal

   During my Preschool and Elementary School years, I grew up in a lower income neighborhood in a small city. The neighborhood was full of children and we played outside endlessly. For all of us, the environment outside of our houses was preferable to that within. We all had difficult home lives, although I don't ever remember thinking at the time that our situations were good or bad- they just were. We all had a definition of normal life that was slightly different than our neighbor's, but overall the same. 
    My parents' marriage was a trainwreck caused by the conception of my twin sister and me- the result of a drunken one night stand between two teenagers. As a result, my father chose a profession that caused him to be away from home all week. My mother, who blamed my sister and me for her tortured existence, spent evenings after work drinking and using prescription drugs. We quickly learned to be neither seen nor heard.
   Our next door neighbors were four girls whose father was a pastor of a church. Their father would easily fly into rages and beat the girls and their mother. He was calm on the outside, but stormy within. These girls also sought refuge outside of their home.
  Across the street lived a boy and girl who attended parochial school. Their father was an alcoholic who would sometimes leave the privacy of their home to inflict chaos on the neighborhood. Next door to them, lived two boys much younger than most of us whose father was incarcerated. Their mother walked through life as if in a dream. Her young sons were very much an afterthought. Children in the neighborhood would smuggle crackers out of their houses on the days that the young boys' mother hadn't thought of making dinner for them.
  Further down the block lived a very skinny, tall girl whose best friend was her mangy cat. Her mother had a series of boyfriends who moved in and out of her life. Her mother often wasn't home. The most constant person in her life was her grandmother who spent her days watching television in a dark living room while hooked up to an oxygen tank. This child's main function was seen as helping her grandmother by performing household chores and making meals.
  Each of us had a different way to gauge normalcy in our lives. We never lamented our situations. We worked within them. We had no expectation that things should be different or that anyone else's situation was much better until later in life. Children are masters at adaptation. They learn how to survive in less than optimum situations. Growing up, I never thought that my situation was better or worse than the situations of my peers. It was different in some ways, but also the same. We all  had parents who were not up to the task of parenting whether this derived from resentment, apathy, stress, chemical dependency or a poor example passed down from their parents.

Saturday, May 14, 2011

The Benefits of Breastfeeding

    The benefits of breastfeeding are numerous. I breastfed each of my two sons for at least two years. Many factors influenced my decision. Primarily, I breastfed in order to ensure excellent health for my sons. I felt that the antibodies that I would pass through my breastmilk to my babies could only benefit them. The second factor was economic. My first son, Blue Sky was born while his father and I were both finishing up our BAs. Money was tight and breastfeeding is free. Twenty three months later, breastfeeding my second son, Jem Moon, in spite of our slightly better economic status was a natural and logical decision that required no forethought. After nearly two years of nursing Blue, I tandem nursed both boys until Blue was ready to wean. The benefits of breastfeeding that suprised me were the convenience (I became well practiced at the art of discrete public breastfeeding), weight loss (it takes hundreds of extra calories per day to produce enough breastmilk for one child, nevermind two), the calming effect that nursing the boys had on all parties involved, and the intense bonding that occurred between each of the boys and I.
       I recently read a journal article about a study that was conducted over a five year period that measured the effects of breastfeeding on a child's vocabulary. The findings indicated that breastfed babies had a more extensive vocabulary at 5 years of age as indicated by the child's score on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised Assessment (PPVT-R). Additionally, the longer that a child was breastfed from birth, the higher the child's score on the PPVT-R ( Quinn, et al, 465-66).

       In India, breastfeeding is both "universal and prolonged". Cultural practices that are influenced by ideas of purity, food restriction and avoidance, the perceived pollution that is brought on by childbirth,  ritual seclusion of mother and child effect breastfeeding practices. For example, colostrum, the yellowish, nutrient-dense fluid that precedes the coming of breastmilk immediately after giving birth, is considered to be unhealthy for the newborn, according to Hindu and Muslim cultures. Therefore, the colostrum is expressed and discarded. The newborn is given hot water for the first 24-48 hours after birth until the mother's breastmilk comes in. Newborns miss out on the nutritional  and immunological jumpstart that is provided by colostrum (Bandyopadhyay).

       Ritual practices involving the post-natal nourishment of mothers also affect breastfeeding practices. Mothers are required to avoid certain foods in order to protect the health of their newborn as well as their own. Some foods that must be avoided are acidic citrus fruits, spices, bananas, fibrous vegetables, yogurt and melons. Mothers must eat only once per day during their post-natal period of confinement-up 40 days. Some foods that are desirable for new mothers to eat are garlic, ghee, milk and some types of fish. Dry foods such as rice crisps are eaten to promote the contraction of the uterus. The avoidance of food in general (except for 1 meal per day) and the types of food that are allowed inhibit lactation and the nutrients that are passed via the breastmilk to the newborn ( Bandyopadhyay).

References

Bandyopadhyay, M. Impact of Ritual Pollution on Lactation and Breastfeeding Practices in Rural West Bengal, India. International Breastfeeding Journal (2009), 4(2).

Quinn, P; O'Callaghan, M., Willliams, G., Najman, J., Andersen, W. The Effect of Breastfeeding on Child Development at Five Years: A Co-hort Study. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (2001) 37 (5): 465-9.

Saturday, May 7, 2011

My Birthing Experience

After visiting with some friends who had just had their first baby, my husband and I returned home. While cooking dinner, I suddenly felt very uncomfortable.  I was pregnant with my first child and 5 days past my due date.  Over the next 24 hours the pain increased and became more frequent. The next 12 hours brought contractions that were one to two minutes apart.  While laboring, I had been examined by my obstetrician who had determined that I was still in the early stages of labor as my cervix had not dilated and my amniotic sac was still intact. He also noted that I was still carrying very high.  By the next morning, I had been without sleep for more than 44 hours and was exhausted from enduring the fruitless pain. The obstetrician admitted me to the maternity ward in the hospital where I labored in the hallway on a gurney while awaiting a bed. Eventually, I was blessed with an epidural and was able to sleep. We also opted to begin a pitocin drip in order to accelerate the dilation of my cervix. At some point, the anesthetic that was keeping me comfortable ran out and the pain returned full force. I woke up screaming. Upon examination the obstetrician determined that the baby had not descended, my cervix had not dilated and my amniotic sac was still intact. At this point, I had been in active labor for 55 hours. It was decided that I would have a Caesarean section. Within two hours, I gave birth to my dear son, Blue Sky.
I chose this example because it was an epic experience in my history that was all made worthwhile by my son’s arrival. I think that the conditions under which one is born can affect one’s development. I was lucky enough to have a completely healthy, normal child after enduring an extended atypical labor. My sisters in law are both developmentally disabled adults. Complications during the birthing process are blamed for both of their current states. One of them was separated from the placenta during labor. The other’s  skull may have become compressed when her mother’s pelvis fractured while birthing her. Had my sisters in law had normal, uncomplicated birthing experiences, perhaps they would have led normal lives.
Birthing customs vary around the world. In the Netherlands, women contract with an obstetrician only in the case of difficult or high risk pregnancies. Most women are cared for by a midwife.  Women also choose whether to give birth at home or in a hospital.  Many Dutch women opt for a home birth. Midwives make house calls to check on their patients’ progress.  Most Dutch mothers aspire to give birth without anesthetics or other medications. Epidurals are only granted when the anesthesiologist is readily available or when an obstetrician feels that it is absolutely necessary.  Mothers who give birth early in the day and without issues may go home with their infants two hours after giving birth.  Maternity home care is a great feature of the Dutch birthing customs.  A nurse visits the new family for 7 days after the child is born. Maternity home care nurses provide medical services, clean and cook for the new family as well as provide parenting classes(Parents).

Reference
Schalken, L. Birthing Customs Around the World. www.parents.com/pregnancy/giving-birth/vaginal/birth-customs-aroundtheworld